Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) occurs when animals pose a direct and recurring threat to the livelihood or safety of people, leading to the persecution of that species. Retaliation against the species blamed often ensues, leading to conflict about what should be done to remedy the situation. Although this is not a new scenario — people and wildlife have coexisted for millennia — it is one that is becoming much more frequent, serious and widespread, and a global concern for conservation and development alike. (Source https://www.hwctf.org/about )

A mother and child watch an elephant over a protective fence set up by their community in Kenya ©WWF-UK

Human Elephant Conflict Handbook