The State of Protected and Conserved Areas report makes a significant contribution to assessing the current status of the many factors that contribute to successful systems of protected and conserved areas. It examines the progress that has been achieved towards meeting national and global goals, and measures this against credible standards for effectiveness, such as the IUCN Green List of Protected and Conserved Area Standard, that sets the bar for what is meant by effective and equitable systems of protected and conserved areas. It also provides a diagnosis of what is missing, where the gaps are, and how to address these through targeted capacity development.