Key species

Madagascar is estimated to have between 13,000 and 14,000 plant species, 80% of which are endemic. Endemism is particularly high amongst baobabs, palm trees, and orchids, including six of the world’s eight species of baobab. Likewise, mammals also display a high level of endemism, particularly amongst lemurs and other primates. Madagascar is home to many different species of birds.

Pressures and Threats

The major threats to Madagascar’s biodiversity include: deforestation and forest degradation; illegal exploitation of natural resources, including timber, as well as many terrestrial and marine species; the impact of alien invasive species and disease; as well as environmental impacts from extractive industries such as mining. Climate change remains a short and long-term threat to Madagascar’s ecosystems, particularly marine ecosystems.